دَرْسُ فِعْلِ الأَمْرِ | The Lesson of the Imperative
"A powerful queen teaches her new servant the art of commands in Classical Arabic, demonstrating each imperative with increasingly bold instructions."
دَرْسُ فِعْلِ الأَمْرِ
The Lesson of the Imperative
الفصل الأول | Chapter One
"اُدْخُلْ!" أَمَرَتِ المَلِكَةُ بِصَوْتٍ حَازِمٍ.
"Enter!" the queen commanded with a firm voice.
دَخَلَ الخَادِمُ الجَدِيدُ وَرَأْسُهُ مُنْحَنٍ. كَانَتْ تَجْلِسُ عَلَى عَرْشِهَا، جَسَدُهَا مُمْتَلِئٌ وَوَجْهُهَا صَارِمٌ.
The new servant entered with his head bowed. She was sitting on her throne, her body full and her face stern.
"اِرْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ وَانْظُرْ إِلَيَّ!"
"Raise your head and look at me!"
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
فِعْلُ الأَمْرِ (fi'l al-amr) - The Imperative Verb
The imperative is used for commands. Formation:
From المضارع (present): تَدْخُلُ → اُدْخُلْ (enter!)
Steps:
- Remove the prefix (ت)
- Remove the final vowel
- Add همزة الوصل (connective hamza) if needed
- اُدْخُلْ (udkhul) - Enter! (to male)
- اِرْفَعْ (irfa') - Raise! (to male)
الفصل الثاني | Chapter Two
"اِجْلِسْ هُنَا!" أَشَارَتْ إِلَى الأَرْضِ بِجَانِبِ قَدَمَيْهَا.
"Sit here!" She pointed to the ground beside her feet.
جَلَسَ حَيْثُ أَمَرَتْهُ. نَظَرَ إِلَى سَاقَيْهَا البَيْضَاوَيْنِ.
He sat where she commanded him. He looked at her white legs.
"لَا تَنْظُرْ دُونَ إِذْنٍ!" صَاحَتْ.
"Don't look without permission!" she shouted.
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
تشكيل فعل الأمر - Forming the Imperative
| المضارع | Present | الأمر | Imperative | |---------|---------|-------|------------| | تَجْلِسُ | you sit | اِجْلِسْ | sit! | | تَنْظُرُ | you look | اُنْظُرْ | look! | | تَسْمَعُ | you hear | اِسْمَعْ | listen! | | تَقُولُ | you say | قُلْ | say! |
Note: Some verbs lose the hamza: تَأْكُلُ → كُلْ (eat!)
الفصل الثالث | Chapter Three
"قُلْ لِي اسْمَكَ!"
"Tell me your name!"
"اِسْمِي... عَلِيٌّ، يَا مَوْلَاتِي."
"My name is... Ali, my lady."
"حَسَنٌ. اِسْمَعْ جَيِّدًا يَا عَلِيُّ: أَنَا أُعَلِّمُكَ كَيْفَ تَخْدِمُنِي."
"Good. Listen well, Ali: I am teaching you how to serve me."
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
همزة الوصل والقطع - Connective vs Cutting Hamza
In imperatives:
- همزة الوصل (connective): اِسْمَعْ (disappears in connected speech)
- The hamza connects to what comes before
Vowel of hamza depends on the vowel of the second root letter:
- If middle vowel is ضمة: اُكْتُبْ، اُدْخُلْ
- If middle vowel is فتحة or كسرة: اِجْلِسْ، اِسْمَعْ
الفصل الرابع | Chapter Four
نَهَضَتْ مِنْ عَرْشِهَا. "اِتْبَعْنِي!"
She rose from her throne. "Follow me!"
تَبِعَهَا عَبْرَ المَمَرَّاتِ الطَّوِيلَةِ حَتَّى وَصَلَا إِلَى غُرْفَةٍ خَاصَّةٍ.
He followed her through the long corridors until they reached a private room.
"أَغْلِقِ البَابَ!" أَمَرَتْهُ. "وَلَا تُخْبِرْ أَحَدًا بِمَا سَتَرَى!"
"Close the door!" she commanded him. "And don't tell anyone what you will see!"
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
النهي - لَا + المضارع المجزوم - Prohibition
To form negative commands (prohibitions):
- لَا (don't) + jussive form of present tense
| الإيجاب | Positive | النهي | Negative | |---------|----------|-------|----------| | أَخْبِرْ | tell! | لَا تُخْبِرْ | don't tell! | | اُنْظُرْ | look! | لَا تَنْظُرْ | don't look! | | قُلْ | say! | لَا تَقُلْ | don't say! |
الفصل الخامس | Chapter Five
خَلَعَتْ رِدَاءَهَا وَوَقَفَتْ أَمَامَهُ.
She removed her robe and stood before him.
"اِقْتَرِبْ مِنِّي!" قَالَتْ.
"Approach me!" she said.
"يَا مَوْلَاتِي، أَنَا..."
"My lady, I am..."
"اُسْكُتْ! لَمْ آذَنْ لَكَ بِالكَلَامِ!"
"Be silent! I didn't permit you to speak!"
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
تصريف فعل الأمر للمخاطب - Imperative Conjugation
| المخاطب | Addressee | الأمر | Command | |---------|-----------|-------|---------| | أَنْتَ | you (m.s.) | اُسْكُتْ | be silent! | | أَنْتِ | you (f.s.) | اُسْكُتِي | be silent! | | أَنْتُمَا | you two | اُسْكُتَا | be silent! | | أَنْتُمْ | you (m.pl.) | اُسْكُتُوا | be silent! | | أَنْتُنَّ | you (f.pl.) | اُسْكُتْنَ | be silent! |
الفصل السادس | Chapter Six
"اِلْمِسْنِي هُنَا!" وَضَعَتْ يَدَهُ عَلَى خَصْرِهَا.
"Touch me here!" She placed his hand on her waist.
اِرْتَعَشَ الخَادِمُ. "نَعَمْ، يَا مَوْلَاتِي."
The servant trembled. "Yes, my lady."
"أَحْسِنِ اللَّمْسَ! كُنْ لَطِيفًا!"
"Touch well! Be gentle!"
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
فعل الأمر من أفعال مختلفة - Imperatives from Different Verb Types
من الثلاثي المجرد:
- لَمَسَ → اِلْمِسْ (touch!)
- كَانَ → كُنْ (be!)
من المزيد:
- أَحْسَنَ → أَحْسِنْ (do well!)
- تَعَلَّمَ → تَعَلَّمْ (learn!)
Note: Verbs already beginning with ت in present (Form V) don't add hamza: تَتَعَلَّمُ → تَعَلَّمْ
الفصل السابع | Chapter Seven
"خُذْ مَا تُرِيدُ!" هَمَسَتْ فِي أُذُنِهِ.
"Take what you want!" she whispered in his ear.
"وَأَعْطِنِي مَا أُرِيدُ!"
"And give me what I want!"
تَعَلَّمَ الخَادِمُ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَنَّ الأَوَامِرَ لَيْسَتْ دَائِمًا عِقَابًا.
The servant learned that night that commands are not always punishment.
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
الأفعال الخمسة في الأمر - The Five Special Verbs in Imperative
These verbs have irregular imperatives:
- أَخَذَ → خُذْ (take!)
- أَكَلَ → كُلْ (eat!)
- أَمَرَ → مُرْ (command!)
The initial hamza is dropped.
الخاتمة | Conclusion
"عُدْ إِلَيَّ غَدًا!" أَمَرَتْهُ عِنْدَ الفَجْرِ.
"Return to me tomorrow!" she commanded him at dawn.
"كَمَا تَأْمُرِينَ، يَا مَوْلَاتِي."
"As you command, my lady."
وَهَكَذَا تَعَلَّمَ أَنَّ فِعْلَ الأَمْرِ يَحْمِلُ القُوَّةَ وَاللَّذَّةَ مَعًا.
And thus he learned that the imperative verb carries both power and pleasure.
ملخص القواعد | Grammar Summary
فعل الأمر - The Imperative:
- التكوين: من المضارع بحذف حرف المضارعة
- همزة الوصل: تُضاف في بداية الفعل إذا كان ساكنًا
- النهي: لَا + المضارع المجزوم
- الأفعال الخاصة: خُذْ، كُلْ، مُرْ (بدون همزة)
- التصريف: يتغير حسب المخاطب (مذكر/مؤنث، مفرد/مثنى/جمع)
تمارين | Exercises
حَوِّلِ الأَفْعَالَ التَّالِيَةَ إِلَى صِيغَةِ الأَمْرِ: Convert the following verbs to the imperative:
- تَذْهَبُ → ... (go!)
- تَشْرَبُ → ... (drink!)
- تَقْرَأُ → ... (read!)
- تَكْتُبُ → ... (write!)
- تَنَامُ → ... (sleep!)
انتهى الدرس الثالث End of the Third Lesson