دَرْسُ الضَّمَائِرِ المُنْفَصِلَةِ | The Lesson of Separate Pronouns
"A judge's wife secretly studies grammar with a young scholar, learning separate pronouns through dialogues that become increasingly personal."
دَرْسُ الضَّمَائِرِ المُنْفَصِلَةِ
The Lesson of Separate Pronouns
الفصل الأول | Chapter One
"مَنْ أَنْتَ؟" سَأَلَتْنِي زَوْجَةُ القَاضِي حِينَ دَخَلْتُ.
"Who are you?" the judge's wife asked me when I entered.
"أَنَا مُعَلِّمُ النَّحْوِ الَّذِي طَلَبْتِيهِ."
"I am the grammar teacher you requested."
نَظَرَتْ إِلَيَّ بِعَيْنَيْنِ فَاحِصَتَيْنِ. "أَنْتَ شَابٌّ... هَلْ أَنْتَ قَادِرٌ؟"
She looked at me with examining eyes. "You are young... are you capable?"
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
الضَّمَائِرُ المُنْفَصِلَةُ (al-ḍamā'ir al-munfaṣila) - Separate Pronouns
These pronouns stand alone and don't attach to other words:
| ضمائر الرفع | Nominative | ضمائر النصب | Accusative | |-------------|------------|-------------|------------| | أَنَا | I | إِيَّايَ | me | | أَنْتَ | you (m.) | إِيَّاكَ | you | | أَنْتِ | you (f.) | إِيَّاكِ | you | | هُوَ | he | إِيَّاهُ | him | | هِيَ | she | إِيَّاهَا | her |
الفصل الثاني | Chapter Two
جَلَسْتُ أَمَامَهَا. "لِنَبْدَأْ بِضَمَائِرِ الرَّفْعِ: أَنَا، أَنْتَ، أَنْتِ، هُوَ، هِيَ."
I sat before her. "Let's begin with nominative pronouns: I, you (m.), you (f.), he, she."
"'أَنَا' لِلمُتَكَلِّمِ..." قَالَتْ.
"'Anā' is for the speaker..." she said.
"وَ'أَنْتِ' لِلمُخَاطَبَةِ المُؤَنَّثَةِ. أَنْتِ جَمِيلَةٌ." اِحْمَرَّ وَجْهِي.
"And 'anti' is for the feminine addressee. You are beautiful." My face reddened.
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
ضمائر الرفع المنفصلة - Nominative Separate Pronouns
| المفرد | Singular | المثنى | Dual | الجمع | Plural | |--------|----------|--------|------|-------|--------| | أَنَا | I | - | - | نَحْنُ | we | | أَنْتَ | you (m.) | أَنْتُمَا | you two | أَنْتُمْ | you (m.pl.) | | أَنْتِ | you (f.) | أَنْتُمَا | you two | أَنْتُنَّ | you (f.pl.) | | هُوَ | he | هُمَا | they two | هُمْ | they (m.) | | هِيَ | she | هُمَا | they two | هُنَّ | they (f.) |
الفصل الثالث | Chapter Three
اِبْتَسَمَتْ. "وَمَتَى نَسْتَخْدِمُ الضَّمِيرَ المُنْفَصِلَ بَدَلًا مِنَ المُتَّصِلِ؟"
She smiled. "And when do we use the separate pronoun instead of the attached?"
"لِلتَّأْكِيدِ أَوِ التَّخْصِيصِ. مَثَلًا: 'إِيَّاكِ أُحِبُّ' بَدَلًا مِنْ 'أُحِبُّكِ'."
"For emphasis or specification. For example: 'It is YOU I love' instead of 'I love you.'"
"قُلْهَا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى..."
"Say it again..."
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
إِيَّا + الضمير - Object Pronouns for Emphasis
إِيَّا is used with attached pronouns for emphasis, especially when the object comes first:
- إِيَّاكِ أُحِبُّ = It is you I love (emphasis)
- إِيَّاهُ قَصَدْتُ = It is him I meant
- إِيَّانَا يَعْنِي = It is us he means
Compare with Quran: إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ (You alone we worship)
الفصل الرابع | Chapter Four
"وَمَاذَا عَنْ 'نَحْنُ'؟" سَأَلَتْ وَهِيَ تَقْتَرِبُ مِنِّي.
"And what about 'we'?" she asked while approaching me.
"'نَحْنُ' ضَمِيرُ المُتَكَلِّمِينَ. نَحْنُ هُنَا... نَحْنُ وَحْدَنَا..."
"'Naḥnu' is the pronoun for 'we'. We are here... we are alone..."
"نَحْنُ نَتَعَلَّمُ مَعًا..." هَمَسَتْ.
"We learn together..." she whispered.
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
استخدام الضمير المنفصل - Uses of Separate Pronouns
- كمبتدأ (as subject): نَحْنُ طُلَّابٌ (We are students)
- للتأكيد (for emphasis): أَنَا نَفْسِي رَأَيْتُهُ (I myself saw him)
- بعد إلا (after "except"): مَا جَاءَ إِلَّا هُوَ (Only he came)
- مع إِيَّا (with iyyā): إِيَّاكَ أَعْنِي (It's you I mean)
الفصل الخامس | Chapter Five
وَقَفَتْ وَمَشَتْ حَوْلِي. "وَإِذَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَ: 'هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُ'؟"
She stood and walked around me. "And if I want to say: 'He doesn't know'?"
"تَقُولِينَ: هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا. 'هُوَ' ضَمِيرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ لِلغَائِبِ."
"You say: He doesn't know anything. 'Huwa' is a separate pronoun for the absent third person."
"زَوْجِي... هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُ أَنَّنِي هُنَا."
"My husband... he doesn't know I'm here."
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
الضمير المنفصل للتوكيد - Separate Pronoun for Emphasis
When used with an apparent noun, the separate pronoun emphasizes:
- زَوْجِي هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُ = My husband, HE doesn't know
- المُعَلِّمَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي عَلَّمَتْنِي = The teacher, SHE is the one who taught me
The pronoun هُوَ/هِيَ can also be a "ضمير الفصل" (separating pronoun) between subject and predicate.
الفصل السادس | Chapter Six
أَمْسَكَتْ يَدِي. "أَنْتَ... أَنْتَ تَجْعَلُنِي أَشْعُرُ بِشَيْءٍ غَرِيبٍ."
She held my hand. "You... you make me feel something strange."
"وَأَنْتِ... أَنْتِ تَجْعَلِينَنِي أَنْسَى أَنَّكِ زَوْجَةُ القَاضِي."
"And you... you make me forget that you are the judge's wife."
"نَحْنُ الآنَ لَسْنَا سِوَى مُعَلِّمٍ وَتِلْمِيذَةٍ."
"We are now nothing but a teacher and student."
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
تكرار الضمير للتأكيد - Repeating Pronoun for Emphasis
In Arabic, repeating the pronoun adds emotional emphasis:
- أَنْتَ تَجْعَلُنِي = You make me (neutral)
- أَنْتَ... أَنْتَ تَجْعَلُنِي = YOU... you make me (emphatic)
This is common in poetry and emotional speech.
الفصل السابع | Chapter Seven
"عَلِّمْنِي المَزِيدَ..." قَالَتْ وَوَجْهُهَا قَرِيبٌ مِنْ وَجْهِي.
"Teach me more..." she said with her face close to mine.
"هُنَاكَ ضَمَائِرُ الجَمْعِ: هُمْ، هُنَّ، أَنْتُمْ، أَنْتُنَّ..."
"There are plural pronouns: they (m.), they (f.), you (m.pl.), you (f.pl.)..."
"لَكِنَّنَا اثْنَانِ فَقَطْ... أَنَا وَأَنْتَ."
"But we are only two... me and you."
Grammar Note | ملاحظة نحوية:
ضمائر المثنى والجمع - Dual and Plural Pronouns
| النوع | Type | المثنى | Dual | الجمع | Plural | |-------|------|--------|------|-------|--------| | مخاطب | 2nd | أَنْتُمَا | you two | أَنْتُمْ/أَنْتُنَّ | you (pl.) | | غائب | 3rd | هُمَا | those two | هُمْ/هُنَّ | they |
"أَنَا وَأَنْتَ" = نَحْنُ (we) Two people of different persons = first person plural
الخاتمة | Conclusion
فِي ذَلِكَ اليَوْمِ، تَعَلَّمْتُ أَنَّ الضَّمَائِرَ تُعَبِّرُ عَنِ الهُوِيَّةِ.
On that day, I learned that pronouns express identity.
أَنَا... أَنْتِ... هُوَ... نَحْنُ... كُلُّهَا تَحْكِي عَلَاقَاتِنَا بِالآخَرِينَ.
I... you... he... we... all tell of our relationships with others.
وَصِرْنَا 'نَحْنُ' بَدَلًا مِنْ 'أَنَا' وَ'أَنْتِ'.
And we became 'we' instead of 'I' and 'you'.
ملخص القواعد | Grammar Summary
الضمائر المنفصلة - Separate Pronouns:
- ضمائر الرفع: أَنَا، نَحْنُ، أَنْتَ، أَنْتِ، أَنْتُمَا، أَنْتُمْ، أَنْتُنَّ، هُوَ، هِيَ، هُمَا، هُمْ، هُنَّ
- ضمائر النصب: إِيَّايَ، إِيَّانَا، إِيَّاكَ، إِيَّاكِ، إِيَّاهُ، إِيَّاهَا...
- الاستخدام: كمبتدأ، للتأكيد، بعد إلا، مع إِيَّا
- ضمير الفصل: يفصل بين المبتدأ والخبر للتوكيد
تمارين | Exercises
أَكْمِلِ الجُمَلَ بِالضَّمِيرِ المُنْفَصِلِ المُنَاسِبِ: Complete the sentences with the appropriate separate pronoun:
- ... طَالِبَةٌ مُجْتَهِدَةٌ. (أنتِ)
- ... لَا نَعْرِفُ الجَوَابَ. (نحن)
- مَا جَاءَ إِلَّا ... (هو)
- ... أَعْنِي وَلَا أَعْنِي غَيْرَكَ. (إياك)
- الطَّالِبَاتُ ... يَدْرُسْنَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ. (هنّ)
انتهى الدرس التاسع End of the Ninth Lesson